N’chifukwa chiyani makina ambiri ofukula migodi amasankha mabearing ozungulira m’malo mwa mabearing otsetsereka?

Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lofunika kwambiri pazinthu zamakanika, ma bearing amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothandizira ma shaft ozungulira. Malinga ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a friction mu bearing, bearing imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: rolling friction bearing (yotchedwa rolling bearing) ndi sliding friction bearing (yotchedwa sliding bearing). Mitundu iwiri ya ma bearing ili ndi makhalidwe awoawo mu kapangidwe kake, ndipo iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake ndi kuipa kwake pakugwira ntchito.

Kuyerekeza kwa mabearing ozungulira ndi osavuta

1. Kuyerekeza kapangidwe kake ndi kayendedwe kake

Kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa ma rolling bearings ndimabenchi wambandi kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo kwa zinthu zozungulira.

Ma bearing ozungulira ali ndi zinthu zozungulira (mipira, ma cylindrical roller, ma tapered roller, ma needle roller) zomwe zimadalira kuzungulira kwawo kuti zithandizire shaft yozungulira, kotero gawo lolumikizirana ndi mfundo imodzi, ndipo zinthu zozungulira zambiri, malo olumikizirana ndi ambiri.

Maberani osavutaAlibe zinthu zozungulira ndipo amadalira malo osalala kuti athandizire shaft yozungulira, kotero gawo lolumikizana ndi pamwamba.

 

Kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka ziwirizi kumatsimikizira kuti njira yoyendetsera galimoto yozungulira ikugwedezeka, ndipo njira yoyendetsera galimoto yotsetsereka ikugwedezeka, kotero mkhalidwe wa kukangana ndi wosiyana kwambiri.

 

2. Kuyerekeza mphamvu yonyamulira katundu

Kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha malo akuluakulu operekera katundu pa bearing yotsetsereka, mphamvu yake yoperekera katundu nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera kuposa ya bearing yozungulira, ndipo mphamvu ya bearing yozungulira yonyamula katundu wokhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa si yayikulu, koma bearing yodzazidwa ndi madzi yonse imatha kunyamula katundu wokhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa kwakukulu chifukwa cha ntchito ya cushion ndi vibration absorption chifukwa cha filimu ya mafuta odzola. Liwiro lozungulira likakwera, mphamvu ya centrifugal ya zinthu zozungulira mu bearing yozungulira imawonjezeka, ndipo mphamvu yake yonyamula katundu imachepa (phokoso limachitika mofulumira kwambiri). Pankhani ya ma bearing osavuta, mphamvu yawo yonyamula katundu imawonjezeka ndi liwiro lalikulu.

 

3. Kuyerekeza kwa coefficient ya kukangana ndi kukana koyambira kukangana

Munthawi yogwira ntchito bwino, kuchuluka kwa ma friction coefficient a rolling bearing ndi kotsika kuposa kwa ma plain bearing, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokhazikika. Mafuta a sliding bearing amakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zakunja monga liwiro ndi kugwedezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa friction coefficient kumasiyana kwambiri.

 

Poyamba, kukana kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kwa chogwirira chozungulira chifukwa chogwirira chotsetsereka sichinapange filimu yokhazikika yamafuta, koma kukana koyambira kwa kugwedezeka ndi coefficient yogwira ntchito ya chogwirira chotsetsereka cha hydrostatic ndi kochepa kwambiri.

 

4. Kuyerekeza kwa liwiro logwira ntchito loyenera

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya centrifugal ya chinthu chozungulira komanso kukwera kwa kutentha kwa bearing, liwiro la bearing yozungulira silingakhale lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala loyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika komanso mothamanga pang'ono. Ma bearing osakwanira okhala ndi mafuta amadzimadzi chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kuwonongeka kwa bearing, liwiro logwira ntchito siliyenera kukhala lokwera kwambiri. Kugwira ntchito mwachangu kwa ma bearing odzazidwa ndi madzi okwanira ndikwabwino kwambiri, makamaka pamene ma bearing okhazikika a hydrostatic apakidwa mafuta ndi mpweya, ndipo liwiro lawo lozungulira limatha kufika 100,000 r/min.

 

5. Kuyerekeza kwa kutayika kwa mphamvu

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mabearing ozungulira, mphamvu yawo nthawi zambiri si yayikulu, yomwe ndi yochepa kuposa ya mabearing osakwanira amadzimadzi, koma imawonjezeka kwambiri ikayikidwa bwino. Kutayika kwa mphamvu ya mabearing odzazidwa ndi madzi kwathunthu ndi kochepa, koma pa mabearing okhazikika a hydrostatic, mphamvu yonse yotayika ikhoza kukhala yayikulu kuposa ya mabearing okhazikika a hydrostatic chifukwa cha kutayika kwa mphamvu ya pampu yamafuta.

 

6. Kuyerekeza kwa moyo wautumiki

Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa komanso kutopa, ma bearing ozungulira nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kwa zaka 5 mpaka 10, kapena kusinthidwa panthawi yokonzanso. Ma pad a ma bearing osakwanira omwe amathiridwa mafuta amadzimadzi amawonongeka kwambiri ndipo amafunika kusinthidwa nthawi zonse. Moyo wa ma bearing odzazidwa mafuta amadzimadzi ndi wopanda malire, koma kwenikweni kutopa kwa zinthu zothiridwa mafuta kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika, makamaka ma bearing osavuta.

 

7. Kuyerekeza kulondola kwa kuzungulira

Ma bearing ozungulira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kulondola kozungulira kwambiri chifukwa cha kutseguka pang'ono kwa radial. Bearing yosakwanira yothira mafuta amadzimadzi imakhala mu mkhalidwe wa mafuta ozungulira kapena mafuta osakanikirana, ndipo ntchitoyo ndi yosakhazikika, ndipo kuwonongeka kwake ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kulondola kwake ndi kochepa. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa filimu yamafuta, ma cushion a bearing odzazidwa ndi madzi okwanira amayamwa kugwedezeka molondola kwambiri. Ma bearing okhazikika a hydrostatic ali ndi kulondola kozungulira kwambiri.

 

8. Kuyerekeza zinthu zina

Maberiyani ozungulira amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta, mafuta kapena mafuta olimba, kuchuluka kwake ndi kochepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu pa liwiro lalikulu, ukhondo wa mafuta umafunika kukhala wokwera, kotero amafunika kutsekedwa, koma beriyaniyo ndi yosavuta kusintha, ndipo nthawi zambiri sikufunika kukonza jenali. Pa maberiyani osavuta, kuwonjezera pa maberiyani osakwanira amadzimadzi, mafuta nthawi zambiri amakhala amadzimadzi kapena gasi, kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, zofunikira pakuyeretsa mafuta nazonso zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri, ma beriyani ozungulira amafunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo nthawi zina jenaliyo imakonzedwa.

 

Kusankha ma berea ozungulira ndi ma berea osavuta

Chifukwa cha zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, palibe muyezo wogwirizana wosankha ma rolling bearings ndi ma sliding bearings. Chifukwa cha friction coefficient yaying'ono, kukana koyambira pang'ono, kukhudzidwa, kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, komanso kukhazikika, ma rolling bearings ali ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kusinthasintha, ndipo ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, mafuta ndi kusamalira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa patsogolo posankha, kotero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakina wamba. Ma plain bearings okha ali ndi zabwino zapadera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pomwe ma rolling bearings sangagwiritsidwe ntchito, osasangalatsa kapena opanda zabwino, monga zochitika zotsatirazi:

 

1. Kukula kwa malo ozungulira ndi kochepa, kapena kukhazikitsa kuyenera kugawidwa

Chifukwa cha mphete yamkati, mphete yakunja, chinthu chozungulira ndi khola m'kapangidwe kake, kukula kwa radial kwa chozungulira ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kuli kochepa. Ma bearing a singano amapezeka pamene miyeso ya radial ndi yokhwima, ndipo ngati pakufunika, ma bearing osalala amafunika. Pazigawo zomwe sizingakhale bwino kukhala ndi ma bearing, kapena zomwe sizingakhazikike kuchokera mbali ya axial, kapena komwe zigawo ziyenera kugawidwa m'zigawo, ma bearing osalala ogawanika amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

 

2. Zochitika zolondola kwambiri

Ngati bearing yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ili ndi zofunikira kwambiri, bearing yotsetsereka nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa, chifukwa filimu yamafuta odzola ya bearing yotsetsereka imatha kuletsa kuyamwa kwa kugwedezeka, ndipo pamene kulondola kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, bearing yotsetsereka ya hydrostatic yokha ndiyo ingasankhidwe. Pa makina opera molondola komanso molondola kwambiri, zida zosiyanasiyana zolondola, ndi zina zotero, ma bearing otsetsereka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

 

3. Nthawi zolemetsa kwambiri

Maberiya ozungulira, kaya ndi maberiya ozungulira kapena maberiya ozungulira, amatha kutentha komanso kutopa kwambiri pakakhala ntchito yaikulu. Chifukwa chake, katundu akakhala wamkulu, maberiya otsetsereka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, monga ma rolling mills, ma turbine a nthunzi, zowonjezera za injini ya aero ndi makina oyenga migodi.

 

4. Nthawi zina

Mwachitsanzo, liwiro logwira ntchito ndi lalikulu kwambiri, kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo kufunika kogwira ntchito m'madzi kapena m'malo owononga, ndi zina zotero, ma bearing otsetsereka amathanso kusankhidwa moyenera.

 

Pa mtundu wa makina ndi zida, kugwiritsa ntchito ma rolling bearing ndi ma sliding bearing, chilichonse chili ndi zabwino zake komanso zoyipa zake, ndipo chiyenera kusankhidwa moyenera limodzi ndi polojekiti yeniyeniyo. Kale, ma crushers akuluakulu ndi apakatikati nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito ma sliding bearing opangidwa ndi babbitt, chifukwa amatha kupirira katundu waukulu, ndipo anali osasunthika komanso okhazikika. Chotsukira chaching'ono cha jaw chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma rolling bearing, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zotumizira, ndi osavuta kusamalira komanso osavuta kusamalira. Ndi kusintha kwaukadaulo kwa kupanga ma rolling bearing, ma jaw breaker ambiri akuluakulu amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu ma rolling bearing.