Chifukwa chiyani makina ambiri amigodi amasankha zitsulo zogudubuza m'malo motsetsereka?

Monga gawo lofunikira komanso lofunikira pamakina amakina, zonyamula zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothandizira ma shafts ozungulira. Kutengera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mikangano yonyamula, chotengeracho chimagawika m'mizere yozungulira (yomwe imatchedwa rolling bearing) ndi sliding friction bear (yomwe imatchedwa sliding bear). Mitundu iwiri ya ma bere ili ndi mawonekedwe awoawo mu kapangidwe kake, ndipo iliyonse ili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake pakuchita.

Kufananiza kugudubuza ndi plain bearings

1. Kuyerekeza kwa mapangidwe ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake

Kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa kugubuduza mayendedwe ndizimbalangondondi kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa zinthu zogudubuza.

Mapiritsi ozungulira amakhala ndi zinthu zozungulira (mipira, ma cylindrical rollers, tapered rollers, singano) zomwe zimadalira kuzungulira kwawo kuti zithandizire tsinde lozungulira, kotero kuti gawo lolumikizana ndilo mfundo, ndipo zinthu zambiri zogubuduza, zimalumikizana kwambiri.

Zimbalangondoalibe zinthu zogubuduza ndipo amadalira malo osalala kuti athandizire shaft yozungulira, kotero gawo lolumikizana ndi pamwamba.

 

Kusiyana kwa mapangidwe awiriwa kumatsimikizira kuti kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kapabubundukambo kaINGAkambo KAANIbonakhungwazvengwangwangwangwakubongwa kwa majirangwashoni yishoni yinganiyiyiyi yingatiwika pakuwona kuti ntchitu yinyaki yija yapachanya,viyovyakukoliyana.

 

2. Kuyerekeza kwa kunyamula mphamvu

Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha gawo lalikulu la chotengera chotsetsereka, mphamvu yake yonyamulira nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera kuposa ya kugubuduza, ndipo kuthekera kwa chonyamula kunyamula katundu sikuli kokwera, koma kunyamula kwathunthu kwamadzimadzi kumatha kupirira. kukhudzidwa kwakukulu chifukwa cha ntchito yotsitsa ndi kugwedezeka kwa mayamwidwe chifukwa cha filimu yopaka mafuta. Pamene liwiro lozungulira liri lalitali, mphamvu ya centrifugal ya zinthu zogubuduza muzitsulo zozungulira zimawonjezeka, ndipo mphamvu yake yonyamula katundu imachepetsedwa (phokoso limakonda kuchitika mofulumira). Pankhani ya mayendedwe omveka bwino, mphamvu zawo zonyamula katundu zimawonjezeka ndi liwiro lalikulu.

 

3. Kufananiza kwa friction coefficient ndi kuyamba kukangana

Pansi pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, kugundana kwa ma bearings ogubuduza kumakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi ma bearings osavuta, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokhazikika. Kupaka mafuta otsetsereka kumakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zakunja monga kuthamanga ndi kugwedezeka, ndipo kugunda kwapakati kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana.

 

Poyambira, kukana kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa kutulutsa kozungulira chifukwa kutsetsereka sikunapangebe filimu yokhazikika yamafuta, koma kukana koyambira koyambira komanso koyambira koyambira kwa hydrostatic sliding bear ndi yaying'ono kwambiri.

 

4. Kuyerekeza kwa liwiro lomwe likugwira ntchito

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya centrifugal ya chinthu chogubuduza ndi kukwera kwa kutentha kwa chonyamulira, liwiro la kugubuduza silingakhale lokwera kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala loyenera kugwira ntchito pakatikati ndi pang'onopang'ono. Zosakwanira zamadzimadzi zothira mafuta chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kuvala kwa bere, kuthamanga kwa ntchito sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa mayendedwe amadzimadzi odzola mafuta ndiabwino kwambiri, makamaka pamene mayendedwe a hydrostatic plain amathiridwa ndi mpweya, ndipo maulendo awo ozungulira amatha kufika 100,000 r / min.

 

5. Kuyerekeza kwa kutaya mphamvu

Chifukwa cha mayendedwe ang'onoang'ono a mayendedwe ogubuduza, kutaya mphamvu kwawo nthawi zambiri sikumakhala kwakukulu, komwe kumakhala kocheperako kwa mayendedwe osakwanira amadzimadzi opaka mafuta, koma kumachulukirachulukira akapaka mafuta ndikuyika bwino. Kuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwa ma bearings okhala ndi madzi okwanira ndi otsika, koma kwa mayendedwe a hydrostatic plain, kutayika kwathunthu kwa mphamvu kumatha kukhala kokulirapo kuposa mayendedwe a hydrostatic plain chifukwa cha kutayika kwa mphamvu ya mpope yamafuta.

 

6. Kuyerekezera moyo wautumiki

Chifukwa cha kukopa kwa zinthu komanso kutopa, ma bere ogudubuza nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kwa zaka 5-10, kapena kusinthidwa panthawi yokonzanso. Mapadi a mayendedwe osakwanira amadzimadzi opaka mafuta amavalidwa kwambiri ndipo amafunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Moyo wa mayendedwe amadzimadzi okhala ndi mafuta ambiri amakhala opanda malire, koma pochita kutopa kulephera kwa zinthu zonyamula kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa njinga, makamaka pama bearings owoneka bwino.

 

7. Kuyerekeza kulondola kozungulira

Ma bere ogudubuza nthawi zambiri amakhala olondola kwambiri pozungulira chifukwa cha chilolezo chaching'ono cha radial. The chosakwanira madzi lubricated kubala ali mu mkhalidwe wa kudzoza malire kapena mafuta osakaniza, ndipo ntchito ndi wosakhazikika, ndi kuvala ndi lalikulu, ndi kulondola ndi otsika. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa filimu yamafuta, ma cushions okhala ndimadzimadzi odzaza ndi madzi amatengera kugwedezeka ndikulondola kwambiri. Ma hydrostatic plain bearings ali ndi kulondola kwakukulu kozungulira.

 

8. Kufananiza mbali zina

Mapiritsi ogubuduza amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta, mafuta kapena mafuta olimba, kuchuluka kwake ndi kochepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu pa liwiro lalikulu, ukhondo wa mafuta umayenera kukhala wapamwamba, kotero umayenera kusindikizidwa, koma kunyamula ndikosavuta kusintha. , ndipo nthawi zambiri safunikira kukonza magazini. Kwa mayendedwe omveka, kuphatikiza pazitsulo zosakwanira zamafuta amadzimadzi, mafuta opaka mafuta nthawi zambiri amakhala amadzimadzi kapena gasi, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kokulirapo, zofunikira zaukhondo wamafuta ndizokwera kwambiri, zonyamula zimayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo nthawi zina magaziniyo imakonzedwa. .

 

Kusankhidwa kwa ma bearings ogubuduza ndi mabere osawoneka bwino

Chifukwa cha zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana zenizeni zogwirira ntchito, palibe muyezo umodzi wosankha ma fani ogudubuza ndi ma sliding bearings. Chifukwa cha kagawo kakang'ono ka mikangano, kukana koyambira pang'ono, kukhudzika, kuchita bwino kwambiri, komanso kukhazikika, mayendedwe ogubuduza amakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kusinthasintha, ndipo ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kuthira mafuta ndi kusamalira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa patsogolo pakusankhidwa, kotero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. m'makina ambiri. Zimbalangondo zokha zili ndi zabwino zina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pomwe zogudubuza sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zosokoneza kapena zopanda zabwino, monga izi:

 

1. Kukula kwa danga la radial kuli kochepa, kapena kukhazikitsa kuyenera kugawidwa

Chifukwa cha mphete yamkati, mphete yakunja, chinthu chopukutira ndi khola mu kapangidwe kake, kukula kwa radial yonyamula ndi yayikulu, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kumakhala kochepa pamlingo wina. Miyezo ya singano imapezeka ngati miyeso ya radial ndi yolimba, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, mayendedwe omveka amafunikira. Kuti magawo omwe ali ovuta kukhala ndi mayendedwe, kapena sangathe kukwera kuchokera kumbali ya axial, kapena kumene magawo ayenera kugawidwa m'magawo, zitsulo zogawanika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

 

2. Zochitika zolondola kwambiri

Pamene chonyamulira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chimakhala ndi zofunikira zolondola kwambiri, mayendedwe otsetsereka nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa, chifukwa filimu yamafuta opaka mafuta amtundu wotsetsereka imatha kuyamwa kugwedezeka, ndipo kulondola kwake kukakhala kokwera kwambiri, hydrostatic sliding bear ingasankhidwe. Kwa makina opukutira olondola komanso olondola kwambiri, zida zosiyanasiyana zolondola, ndi zina zambiri, mayendedwe otsetsereka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

 

3. Nthawi zolemetsa kwambiri

Mapiritsi odzigudubuza, kaya ndi mipira kapena ma roller bearings, amatha kutentha ndi kutopa muzochitika zolemetsa. Chifukwa chake, katunduyo akachuluka, mayendedwe otsetsereka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, monga mphero, makina opangira nthunzi, zida za injini ya aero ndi makina amigodi.

 

4. Nthawi zina

Mwachitsanzo, liwiro logwira ntchito ndilokwera kwambiri, kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo kufunikira kogwira ntchito m'madzi kapena zowononga zowonongeka, ndi zina zotero, mayendedwe otsetsereka amathanso kusankhidwa moyenerera.

 

Kwa mtundu wa makina ndi zida, kugwiritsa ntchito ma bereti ogubuduza ndi mayendedwe otsetsereka, chilichonse chili ndi zabwino zake ndi zovuta zake, ndipo ziyenera kusankhidwa moyenerera kuphatikiza ndi polojekiti yeniyeni. M'mbuyomu, ma crushers akuluakulu ndi apakatikati nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zotsetsereka zoponyedwa ndi babbitt, chifukwa zimatha kupirira katundu wambiri, komanso zinali zolimba komanso zokhazikika. Chophwanyira chaching'ono cha nsagwada chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma bearings ogudubuza, omwe ali ndi mphamvu yotumizira kwambiri, imakhala yovuta komanso yosavuta kuyisamalira. Ndikusintha kwaukadaulo wopanga ma rolling bearing, ambiri mwa zibwano zazikulu zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pogudubuza mayendedwe.