nkhani

Kodi chonyamulira mpweya n'chiyani?

 

KunyamulaNdikukhulupirira kuti aliyense adzadziwa bwino, chogwirira chathu chozungulira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chiyenera kukhala chodziwika bwino, ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pamakina ndi zida zamakono. Ndiye kodi chogwirira mpweya ndi chiyani?

 

Mphamvu ya gasi: Choyimira chopanda kanthu chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mpweya ngati mafuta. Mafuta ofunikira kwambiri a mpweya ndi mpweya, koma nayitrogeni, argon, hydrogen, helium kapena carbon dioxide angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati pakufunika.

 

Mu ma compressor a gasi, ma expander ndi ma circulator, chogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta.

 

Mpweya wonyamula mpweya umatanthauza chotengera chomwe chimathandizira katunduyo mothandizidwa ndi filimu ya mpweya wopanikizika yomwe imapangidwa pakati pa pamwamba pa chotengera chonyamula mpweya, ndipo pamwamba pa chotengera chonyamula mpweyacho chimalekanitsidwa kwathunthu ndi filimu ya mpweya ikagwira ntchito.

 

Ma bearing a mpweya ndi a ma bearing amadzimadzi omwe amatsetsereka m'ma bearing otsetsereka, omwe amathiridwa mafuta amadzimadzi akamagwira ntchito, ndipo chopaka mafuta chawo ndi mpweya.

 

Kugawa ma bere a mpweya

Malinga ndi njira yopangira filimu ya mpweya wopanikizika, ma bearing a mpweya amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma bearing aerodynamic ndi ma bearing aerostatic.

 

Filimu ya mpweya wopanikizika wa chogwirira cha aerodynamic imapangidwa mwa kubweretsa mpweya pamalo olumikizana pakati pa malo a mawiri otsetsereka ndi mayendedwe ogwirizana a mawiri otsetsereka, ndipo filimu ya mpweya imakhala yofanana ndi wedge. Popeza ma bearing a aerodynamic safuna gwero la mpweya wakunja, amatchedwanso "ma bearing odzichitira okha".

 

Mpweya wopanikizika wa mpweya wozungulira umapangidwa ndi mpweya wopanikizika wakunja womwe umalowetsedwa kudzera mu throttle pakati pa pamwamba pa awiri otsetsereka. Ma bearing amlengalenga amafunikira mpweya wakunja woyera.

 

Zinthu zonyamula mpweya

(1) Kukana kukangana kochepa kwambiri

 

Popeza kukhuthala kwa mpweya kuli kotsika kwambiri kuposa kwa madzi, kukhuthala kwa mpweya kutentha kwa chipinda ndi 1/5000 yokha ya mafuta a makina a Nambala 10, ndipo kukana kwa kukhuthala kwa bearing kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kukhuthala, kotero kukhuthala kwa mabearing a gasi kumakhala kotsika kuposa kwa mabearing odzola amadzimadzi.

 

(2) Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya liwiro loyenera

 

Kukana kwa kukangana kwa mpweya wozungulira ndi kotsika, kutentha kumakhala kotsika, ndipo kutentha sikupitirira 20 ~ 30 °C pamene liwiro lili pamwamba pa 50,000 rpm, ndipo liwiro lili pamwamba pa 1.3 miliyoni rpm. Ma hydrostatic bearing angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri, ngakhale liwiro lopanda zero.

 

(3) Kutentha kosiyanasiyana komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito

 

Mpweyawu umakhalabe ndi mpweya pa kutentha kosiyanasiyana, ndipo kukhuthala kwake sikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha (kukhuthala kumawonjezeka pang'ono kutentha kukakwera, mwachitsanzo kuyambira 20°C mpaka 100°C, kukhuthala kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka ndi 23%), kotero ma bearing a gasi angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha kwa -265°C mpaka 1650°C.

 

(4) Kuchepa kwa mphamvu yonyamula katundu

 

Mphamvu yonyamula katundu ya hydrodynamic bearing imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kukhuthala, ndipo mphamvu yonyamula katundu ya pneumatic bearing ndi yochepa chabe ya kukula komweko kwa hydrodynamic bearing. Chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa mpweya, pali malire a mphamvu yonyamula katundu ya dynamic bearing ya mpweya, ndipo katundu pa gawo lililonse lomwe likuyembekezeredwa akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kufika pa 0.36 MPa.

 

(5) Zofunikira pakukonza molondola kwambiri

 

Pofuna kukweza mphamvu yonyamula katundu komanso kuuma kwa mpweya wa ma bearing a gasi, nthawi zambiri pamagwiritsidwa ntchito malo operekera katundu (osakwana 0.015 mm) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma bearing odzola ndi madzi, ndipo kulondola kwa ziwalozo kuyenera kukonzedwa moyenerera.

 

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma beringi a mpweya

Mpweya wonyamula mpweya ndi mtundu watsopano wa chotengera chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yolumikizira mpweya kuti chigwire ntchito yothandizira.

 

Mafuta okhawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mpweya; Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wonyamula mpweya ndi wabwino kwambiri pazida zogwirira ntchito zomwe siziyenera kuipitsidwa kapena malo ogwirira ntchito.

 

Mu ma bearing a mpweya, mipira imalowedwa m'malo ndi ma cushion a mpweya. Mwina imodzi mwa ntchito zodziwika bwino za ma bearing a mpweya ndi hovercraft.

 

Fani yaikulu imauzira mpweya pansi pa chombo choyenda pansi pa chombocho, kuletsa kutuluka kwa mpweya kudzera mu "siketi" ya rabara yolimba. Mpweya wothamanga kwambiri womwe umapangidwa pansi pa chombocho umathandizira kulemera kwa chombocho motero umachipangitsa kuyandama pa pilo ya mpweya.

 

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma bearing a gasi kukukulirakulira ndipo kwaphunziridwa kwambiri komanso mozama. Pakadali pano, ma bearing a gasi angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu makina opangira nsalu, makina a chingwe, zida zamakina opangira zida, ma gyroscope, olekanitsa ma centrifugal othamanga kwambiri, ma drill a mano, mafiriji omwe amathamanga kutentha kochepa, ma hydrogen expanders ndi ma gas circulators omwe amathamanga kutentha kwambiri.