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Kodi chotengera cha turbo ndi chiyani? Mitundu ya mabearing a turbocharged

Kutengera kwa Turbondiye mphamvu ya turbocharger, kuti timvetse turbocharger, choyamba tiyenera kudziwa turbocharger ndi ziwalo zake zoyenda.

 

Kodi turbocharger yanji?

Turbocharger, yomwe nthawi zambiri timaipeza m'magalimoto, kwenikweni ndi compressor ya mpweya yomwe imakanikiza mpweya kuti iwonjezere kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umalowa. Imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya inertial ya mpweya wotuluka mu injini kukankhira turbine mu chipinda cha turbine, ndipo turbine imayendetsa coaxial impeller, ndipo impeller imakanikiza mpweya wotumizidwa ndi chitoliro cha fyuluta ya mpweya kuti iukanikize mu silinda. Liwiro la injini likakwera, liwiro la kutulutsa mpweya wotuluka ndi liwiro la turbine limawonjezekanso nthawi imodzi, impeller imakanikiza mpweya wochuluka mu silinda, kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka kumatha kuyatsa mafuta ambiri, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndikusintha liwiro la injini, mutha kuwonjezera mphamvu yotulutsa ya injini.

 

Kodi ziwalo zoyenda za turbocharger ndi ziti?

Mbali zoyenda za turbocharger nazonso ndi zigawo zazikulu - gudumu la turbine, compressor impeller ndi rotor shaft, ndipo nyumba ya supercharger ili ndi kayendedwe ka liwiro lalikulu, komwe kumakhala kovuta kupirira ma bearing wamba, kotero bearing ya supercharger ndi bearing yapadera yoyandama.

 

Ndi mphete yamkuwa yomwe imapachikidwa pa shaft ndi housing, yokhala ndi mipata pakati pa mphete ndi shaft komanso pakati pa mphete ndi housing. Injini ikakhala ikugwira ntchito, pansi pa mphamvu ya mafuta, filimu yamafuta iwiri imapangidwa m'zigawo izi, ndipo rotor imayandama pa filimu yamafuta ndikuzungulira mwachangu.

 

Chifukwa cha liwiro lalikulu kwambiri lozungulira komanso kutentha kwambiri, derali limaperekanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mafuta ndi kuziziritsa.

 

Ngati supercharger siili ndi mafuta okwanira komanso kuzizira bwino, imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa bearing, imachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa bearing, imawonjezera mpata pakati pa rotor ndi nyumba, ndipo gawo lina la mafuta lidzalowa mu chitoliro cholowera kapena chitoliro chotulutsa utsi kuchokera ku gawoli, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta ayambe kuyaka kwambiri.

 

Mitundu yamabearing okhala ndi turbocharged

Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri losuntha la turbocharger, kapangidwe ka bearing kamagwirizana ndi kudalirika ndi kulimba kwa turbine. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma bearing a turbocharger, imodzi ndi ma bearing oyandama ndipo inayo ndi ma bearing a mpira.

 

Pakadali pano, opanga magalimoto ambiri akuluakulu amagwiritsa ntchito ma bearing oyandama, omwe ayenera kukhala olimba komanso otsika mtengo. Bearing yoyandama kwenikweni ndi mphete pa shaft, ndipo pali mpata pakati pa mphete ndi shaft komanso pakati pa mphete ndi bearing housing, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale filimu yamafuta awiri. Mpheteyo imayandama pakati pa shaft ndi bearing. Nthawi zambiri, mpata wamkati ndi pafupifupi 0.05mm, ndipo mpata wakunja ndi pafupifupi 0.1mm. Kukhuthala kwa khoma la bearing ndi pafupifupi 3.0-4.5mm, ndipo imapangidwa ndi tin-lead bronze alloy, ndipo pamwamba pa bearing pali yokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa lead-tin alloy kapena metal indium yokhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 0.005-0.008mm. Pamene supercharger ikugwira ntchito, bearing imazungulira pakati pa shaft ndi bearing. Chifukwa chake, titha kupeza zoyipa za ma bearing oyandama: kukana kwakukulu kwa ma turbine shafts, kuthamanga kwambiri kwa mafuta ndi zofunikira zamtundu, komanso kuwongolera kosakhazikika kwa ma turbine shafts.

 

Ma bearing a mpira amapezeka kwambiri m'magalimoto ochita bwino, ndipo monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ma bearing a mpira ndi malo oyika mipira pa turbine shaft kuti ilowe m'malo mwa mafuta mu floating bearing. Ubwino wa ma bearing a mpira ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi ma floating bearing: kupsinjika kochepa, turbine hysteresis yotsika, komanso yabwino kwambiri pakukanikiza malire osinthasintha; Mphamvu ya turbine shaft imatha kulamulidwa bwino; Kupanikizika kwa mafuta ndi mtundu wake zitha kuchepetsedwa pang'ono, zomwe zimawonjezera moyo wa turbine mwanjira ina. Zofooka zake ndizodziwikiratu, ndiko kuti, moyo wake si wabwino ngati floating bearing, nthawi zambiri makilomita 70,000 mpaka 80,000 mpaka malire a moyo, ndipo mtengo wokonza ndi wokwera mtengo, kukonza kumakhala kovuta. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukongola kwa ma bearing a mpira pankhani ya mphamvu, akadali zida zazikulu pamagalimoto ochita bwino.