Kodi ANSI, ISO, NDI miyezo ya ASTM ndi yotani?

Miyezo yaukadaulo, monga miyezo ya ASTM yama bearings yomwe imatchula njira yachitsulo yogwiritsira ntchito, imathandizira opanga kupanga chinthu chokhazikika.

 

Ngati mwafufuzapo ma bearings pa intaneti, mwina mwakumana ndi zofotokozera zokhudzana ndi ANSI, ISO, kapena ASTM.Mukudziwa kuti miyezo ndi chizindikiro cha khalidwe - koma ndani adabwera nawo, ndipo akutanthauza chiyani?

 

Miyezo yaukadaulo imathandiza onse opanga ndi ogula.Opanga amawagwiritsa ntchito kupanga ndi kuyesa zida ndi zinthu m'njira yokhazikika.Ogula amawagwiritsa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti akupeza zabwino, mawonekedwe, ndi magwiridwe antchito omwe adapempha.

 

MFUNDO ZA ANSI

American National Standards Institute, kapena ANSI, ili ku Washington, DC.Mamembala ake akuphatikizapo mabungwe apadziko lonse, mabungwe a boma, mabungwe, ndi anthu payekha.Inakhazikitsidwa mu 1918 monga American Engineering Standards Committee pamene mamembala a United Engineering Society ndi Dipatimenti ya boma la US ya Nkhondo, Navy, ndi Commerce adasonkhana kuti apange bungwe la miyezo.

ANSI sichipanga miyezo yaukadaulo yokha.M'malo mwake, imayang'anira miyezo ya ku America ndikugwirizanitsa ndi mayiko ena.Imavomereza miyezo ya mabungwe ena, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti aliyense mumakampaniwo akugwirizana ndi momwe muyezo umakhudzira malonda awo ndi njira zawo.ANSI imangovomereza miyezo yomwe imawona kuti ndi yabwino komanso yotseguka mokwanira.

ANSI idathandizira kupeza International Organisation for Standardization (ISO).Ndi nthumwi ya United States yovomerezeka ya ISO ku United States.

ANSI ili ndi mazana angapo okhudzana ndi mpira.

 

MFUNDO ZA ISO

Bungwe la International Standards Organisation (ISO) lochokera ku Switzerland limafotokoza kuti mfundo zake ndi “njira yofotokoza njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira zinthu.”ISO ndi bungwe lodziyimira pawokha, losagwirizana ndi boma lomwe limapanga miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.Mabungwe 167 adziko lonse, monga ANSI, ndi mamembala a ISO.ISO idakhazikitsidwa mu 1947, nthumwi zochokera kumayiko 25 zitasonkhana kuti zikonzekere tsogolo la kukhazikitsidwa kwa mayiko.Mu 1951, ISO idapanga mulingo wake woyamba, ISO/R 1:1951, womwe udatsimikiza kutentha kwautali wamafakitale.Kuyambira pamenepo, ISO yapanga pafupifupi miyezo 25,000 panjira iliyonse yomwe mungaganizire, ukadaulo, ntchito, ndi mafakitale.Miyezo yake imathandizira mabizinesi kukulitsa mtundu, kukhazikika, ndi chitetezo chazinthu zawo ndi machitidwe awo pantchito.Pali ngakhale njira ya ISO yopangira kapu ya tiyi!

ISO ili ndi miyezo yopitilira 200.Mazana a miyezo yake ina (monga ya chitsulo ndi ceramic) imakhudza mayendedwe mosalunjika.

 

MFUNDO ZA ASTM

ASTM imayimira American Society for Testing and Materials, koma bungwe lochokera ku Pennsylvania tsopano ndi ASTM International.Imatanthauzira miyezo yaukadaulo yamayiko padziko lonse lapansi.

ASTM imachokera ku njanji za Industrial Revolution.Kusagwirizana kwa njanji zachitsulo kunapangitsa kuti masitima apamtunda oyambilira aduke.Mu 1898, katswiri wa zamankhwala Charles Benjamin Dudley anapanga ASTM ndi gulu la mainjiniya ndi asayansi kuti apeze njira yothetsera vutoli.Iwo anapanga muyezo wa specifications njanji zitsulo.Pazaka 125 chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwake, ASTM yatanthauzira miyezo yopitilira 12,500 pazogulitsa zambiri, zida, ndi njira zamafakitale kuyambira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi mafuta amafuta kupita kuzinthu zogula.

Aliyense atha kujowina ASTM, kuyambira mamembala amakampani mpaka ophunzira ndi alangizi.ASTM imapanga miyezo yodzifunira yogwirizana.Mamembala afika pa mgwirizano wapagulu (kuvomerezana) za momwe muyeso uyenera kukhala.Miyezoyo ilipo kuti munthu aliyense kapena bizinesi itenge (mwakufuna) kuti iwatsogolere zisankho.

ASTM ili ndi miyezo yopitilira 150 yokhala ndi mpira ndi mapepala osiyirana.

 

ANSI, ISO, NDI MFUNDO ZA ASTM AMAKUTHANDIZANI KUGULA ZOGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZABWINO

Miyezo yaukadaulo imawonetsetsa kuti inu ndi wopanga zida mukulankhula chilankhulo chimodzi.Mukawerenga kuti chitsulocho chimapangidwa kuchokera kuzitsulo za chrome za SAE 52100, mukhoza kuyang'ana muyeso wa ASTM A295 kuti mudziwe momwe chitsulocho chinapangidwira komanso zomwe zili nazo.Ngati wopanga anena kuti zodzigudukira zake ndizofanana ndi ISO 355:2019, mukudziwa ndendende kukula komwe mudzakhala mukupeza.Ngakhale miyezo yaukadaulo imatha kukhala yaukadaulo, chabwino, yaukadaulo, ndi chida chofunikira cholumikizirana ndi ogulitsa ndikumvetsetsa mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a magawo omwe mumagula.Zambiri, chonde pitani patsamba lathu: www.cwlbearing.com