nkhani

Mtundu wa chitsulo

 

Chitsulo chosungunuka chomwe chimapangidwa mu uvuni chimaponyedwa mu billets, ndipo ma ingots kapena billets amakanikizidwa mu chitsulo (zinthu zachitsulo). Pali mitundu yambiri ya chitsulo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: nkhungu, mbale, machubu ndi mawaya.

 

Chitsulo cha gawo

Pali mitundu yambiri ya chitsulo chogawanika, chomwe ndi mtundu wa chitsulo cholimba chachitali chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a chitsulo chogawanika, chimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: chogawanika chosavuta komanso chovuta. Choyamba chimaphatikizapo mipiringidzo yozungulira, mipiringidzo yozungulira, mipiringidzo yosalala, mipiringidzo ya hexagonal ndi mipiringidzo ya ngodya; Chomaliza chimaphatikizapo njanji, mipiringidzo ya I, zitsulo za channel, zitsulo zamafelemu a zenera ndi zitsulo zooneka ngati zapadera. Chitsulo chozungulira chaching'ono chokhala ndi mainchesi 6.5-9.0mm chimatchedwa waya.

 

Mapepala achitsulo

Ndi chitsulo chathyathyathya chokhala ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha m'lifupi ndi makulidwe komanso malo ake pamwamba. Malinga ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, chimagawidwa m'mitundu itatu: mbale yopyapyala (makulidwe < 4mm), mbale yapakati (makulidwe 4-25mm) ndi mbale yokhuthala (makulidwe > 25mm). Zingwe zachitsulo zimaphatikizidwa mu gulu la mbale zachitsulo.

 

Mapaipi achitsulo

Ndi chingwe chachitali chachitsulo chokhala ndi gawo lopanda kanthu. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake osiyanasiyana a magawo, chingagawidwe m'mapaipi ozungulira, mapaipi a sikweya, mapaipi a hexagonal ndi mapaipi osiyanasiyana achitsulo opangidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Malinga ndi ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana wopangira, chingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda kanthu ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa.

 

Mawaya achitsulo

Waya wachitsulo ndi chinthu china chopangidwa ndi waya chozizira. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, umagawidwa m'ma waya ozungulira achitsulo, waya wachitsulo wosalala ndi waya wachitsulo wamakona atatu, ndi zina zotero. Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji, waya wachitsulo umagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zingwe za waya, mizere yachitsulo ndi zinthu zina.

 

Chitsulo cha ngodya

Chitsulo cha ngodya, chomwe chimadziwika kuti chitsulo cha ngodya, ndi mzere wautali wa chitsulo womwe uli wolunjika mbali zonse ziwiri. Pali chitsulo cha ngodya yofanana ndi chitsulo cha ngodya yosagwirizana. Mbali ziwiri za ngodya yofanana ndi zofanana m'lifupi. Mafotokozedwe ake amafotokozedwa mu mamilimita a m'lifupi mbali.× m'lifupi mwa mbali× makulidwe a m'mphepete. Mwachitsanzo, "∠30×30×3", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti m'lifupi mwa mbali ndi 30 mm ndipo makulidwe am'mbali ndi 3 mm. Ikhozanso kufotokozedwa ndi nambala ya chitsanzo, yomwe ndi chiwerengero cha masentimita a m'lifupi mwa mbali, monga∠3#. Chitsanzochi sichikuyimira kukula kwa makulidwe osiyanasiyana a mbali mu chitsanzo chomwecho, kotero m'lifupi mwa mbali ndi makulidwe a mbali ya chitsulo cha ngodya zimadzazidwa mu mgwirizano ndi zikalata zina, kuti tipewe kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzocho chokha. Mafotokozedwe a chitsulo cha ngodya chozungulira chotentha ndi 2#-20#.　　

Chitsulo cha ngodya chingapangidwe ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopanikizika malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana za kapangidwe kake, ndipo chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati cholumikizira pakati pa zinthuzo. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zosiyanasiyana ndi zomangamanga, monga matabwa a nyumba, milatho, nsanja zotumizira, makina onyamulira ndi onyamula, zombo, uvuni zamafakitale, nsanja zoyankhira, zoyikapo ziwiya ndi mashelufu osungiramo zinthu.

 

Chitsulo chozungulira

 

Chitsulo chozungulira chimatanthauza mzere wolimba wa chitsulo wokhala ndi gawo lozungulira. Mafotokozedwe ake amafotokozedwa mu mamilimita a m'mimba mwake, mwachitsanzo "50" amatanthauza mzere wozungulira wokhala ndi m'mimba mwake wa 50 mm. Pali mitundu itatu ya mipiringidzo yozungulira: yotenthedwa, yopangidwa ndi yozizira. Mipiringidzo yozungulira yotenthedwa imapezeka mu kukula kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 250 mm. Pakati pawo: chitsulo chozungulira chaching'ono cha 5.5-25 mm chimapezeka kwambiri m'mipiringidzo yowongoka, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mipiringidzo yachitsulo, maboliti ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana zamakina; Mipiringidzo yozungulira yokulirapo kuposa 25 mm imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zigawo zamakina kapena malo opanda kanthu achitsulo.

 

Rebar

Chitsulo chachitsulo cha konkire cholimbikitsidwa chimatanthauza chitsulo cholunjika kapena waya chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbitsa konkire cholimbikitsidwa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: chitsulo chopepuka chozungulira ndi chitsulo chosinthika, ndipo momwe chimaperekera ndi chitsulo cholunjika ndi chozungulira cha disc. Chitsulo chozungulira chopepuka kwenikweni ndi chitsulo chaching'ono chozungulira chachitsulo ndi disc chachitsulo wamba chotsika mpweya. Chitsulo chosinthika ndi zitsulo zachitsulo zokhala ndi ribbed zomwe zili ndi pamwamba, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zitsulo ziwiri zazitali ndi zitsulo zopingasa zomwe zimayikidwa mofanana kutalika. Pali mitundu itatu ya zitsulo zopingasa: spiral, herringbone ndi crescent. Imafotokozedwa mu mamilimita a mainchesi odziwika. Chitsulo chosinthika cha reinforcement chosinthika ndi chofanana ndi mainchesi odziwika a reinforcement yozungulira yowunikira yokhala ndi gawo lofanana. Chitsulo chozungulira chachitsulo ndi 8-50 mm, ndipo mainchesi ofunikira ndi 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40 mm.　　

Mipiringidzo yolimbitsa thupi imayang'aniridwa kwambiri ndi simenti. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya nthiti, chitsulo chopindikachi chimakhala ndi mphamvu yolumikizana kwambiri ndi simenti, kotero chimatha kupirira bwino mphamvu yakunja. Mipiringidzo yachitsulo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zosiyanasiyana, makamaka nyumba zazikulu, zolemera, zopepuka, zopyapyala komanso zazitali.

 

Chitsulo cha Channel

Chitsulo cha Channel ndi mzere wautali wachitsulo wokhala ndi gawo lopingasa. Njira yake yowonetsera tsatanetsatane, monga 120*53*5, imasonyeza chitsulo cha channel chokhala ndi kutalika kwa chiuno cha 120 mm ndi m'lifupi mwa mwendo wa 53 mm, ndi chitsulo cha channel chokhala ndi makulidwe a chiuno cha 5 mm, kapena chitsulo cha channel cha 12#. Ngati pali mipata yosiyanasiyana ya miyendo ndi makulidwe a chiuno, muyeneranso kuwonjezera A, B, ndi C kumanja kwa chitsanzo kuti muwasiyanitse, monga 25A#, 25B#, 25C#, ndi zina zotero. Chitsulo cha Channel chimagawidwa m'zitsulo za channel wamba ndi chitsulo cha channel chopepuka. Kufotokozera kwa chitsulo cha channel wamba chopindidwa ndi hot-rolled ndi 5-40#. Kufotokozera kwa chitsulo cha channel chosinthasintha chopindidwa ndi hot-rolled chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi mgwirizano pakati pa magulu opereka ndi ofunikira ndi 6.5-30#.

Chitsulo cha njira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga nyumba, kupanga magalimoto ndi mafakitale ena, ndipo chitsulo cha njira nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mipiringidzo ya I.