Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi magulu a maginito

 

Mphamvu ya maginitoMakinawa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu malinga ndi mfundo zawo zogwirira ntchito: Active Magnetic Bearing, Passive Magnetic Bearing, ndi Hybrid Magnetic Bearing.

 

Mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya maginito

 

Ma bearing amagetsi ogwira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yolamulirika kuti asunthire shaft yozungulira, yomwe imapangidwa makamaka ndi ma rotor, ma solenoid, masensa, owongolera, ndi ma amplifiers amphamvu. Ma solenoid amayikidwa pa stator yomwe imapachikidwa mu mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi ma electromagnets omwe amayikidwa mu radial symmetry, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi masensa amodzi kapena angapo kuti azitha kuyang'anira kusintha kwa malo a shaft. Kutulutsa kwa chizindikiro kuchokera ku sensa, mothandizidwa ndi makina owongolera zamagetsi, kumakonza mphamvu kudzera mu electromagnet, kuti azitha kuwongolera kukopa kwa electromagnet, kuti shaft yozungulira iyende bwino komanso moyenera, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zina zolondola.

 

Ma bearing a maginito ogwira ntchito akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu owongolera magetsi ndi magetsi malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zowongolera, ndipo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu owongolera magetsi a radial ndi ma bearing a axial magnetic malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira. Pakadali pano, pakati pa ma bearing a maginito ogwira ntchito, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi DC controlled magnetic bearing.

 

Gawo la makina la active magnetic bearing nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi radial bearing ndi axial bearing, ndipo radial bearing imapangidwa ndi stator (electromagnet) ndi rotor; Axial bearings imakhala ndi stator (electromagnet) ndi thrust plate.

 

Popeza kuti mphamvu ya maginito yogwira ntchito ili ndi ubwino wa malo ozungulira, kuuma kwa mphamvu ya maginito ndi kuuma kwa mphamvu ya maginito kumatha kudziwika ndi njira yowongolera, yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda wa mphamvu ya maginito, ndipo kafukufuku wa mphamvu ya maginito yogwira ntchito wakhala cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufuku waukadaulo wa mphamvu ya maginito. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito mwakhama, chiphunzitso chake cha kapangidwe ndi njira zake zakhala zokhwima kwambiri.

 

Mphamvu ya maginito yopanda pake

 

Monga mtundu wa maginito bearing, passive magnetic bearing ili ndi ubwino wake wapadera, ndi yaying'ono kukula kwake, palibe mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito, komanso yosavuta kapangidwe kake. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa maginito bearing osagwira ntchito ndi maginito ogwirira ntchito ndikuti yoyambayo ilibe njira yowongolera zamagetsi yogwira ntchito, koma imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mphamvu yamagetsi yokha kuti isunthire shaft yozungulira. Pakadali pano, maginito osagwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi maginito osatha okhala ndi maginito osatha. Maginito osatha amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wobwezera ndi mtundu wokoka.

 

Ma bearing a maginito okhazikika a Passive angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ma radial bearing ndi ma thrust bearing (axial bearing), omwe onse amatha kukhala okopa kapena otsutsa. Kutengera ndi komwe maginito amalowera komanso malo omwe mphete ya maginito imayendera, ma bearing a maginito okhazikika amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maginito. Koma pali mitundu iwiri yoyambira.

 

Mtundu wina wa mphamvu ya maginito yopanda mphamvu umachokera ku mphamvu ya suction, yomwe imagwira ntchito pakati pa zigawo zofewa zamaginito zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maginito. Pamene gawo la rotor likuyenda mozungulira, mphamvu ya suction imachokera ku kusintha kwa maginito, kotero imatchedwanso "magnetic bearing". Mtundu uwu wa mphamvu ya suction ukhoza kupangidwa kuti gawo lokhazikika la maginito lisazungulire, ndipo gawo lofewa lachitsulo lokha ndilo limazungulira, kuti dongosolo likhale lolimba bwino.

 

Kuphatikiza kwa zotsatira zokhazikika za ma bearing osafuna ndi ma solenoids ogwira ntchito kumapangitsa kuti makina oyendera maginito azikhala ndi mphamvu zochepa.

 

Ma hybrid magnetic bearing

 

Ma hybrid magnetic bearing amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma active magnetic bearing, ma passive magnetic bearing ndi zina zothandizira ndi zokhazikika - mtundu wa maginito bearing system ophatikizana. Zimaganizira makhalidwe onse a ma active magnetic bearing ndi ma passive magnetic bearing.

 

Mphamvu ya maginito yosakanikirana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito yopangidwa ndi maginito okhazikika kuti ilowe m'malo mwa mphamvu ya maginito yokhazikika ya maginito, yomwe singangochepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya amplifier yamagetsi, komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma ampere turns a maginito ndi theka, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya maginito, ndikukweza mphamvu yonyamula katundu.

 

Popeza mphamvu ya maginito ya bias imapangidwa ndi maginito okhazikika ndipo mphamvu ya maginito yolamulidwa imapangidwa ndi maginito amagetsi, maginito okhazikika osakanikirana ndi maginito osakanikirana ali ndi ubwino wotsatira:

 

1) Maginito okhazikika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka mphamvu ya maginito yokhazikika ya bias, ndipo maginito amagetsi amangopereka mphamvu ya maginito yowongolera kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino katundu kapena kusokoneza kwakunja, zomwe zingapewe kutayika kwa mphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya bias ya dongosolo ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa coil.

 

2) Chiwerengero cha ma turn omwe amafunikira pa maginito a electromagnet a hybrid magnetic bearing ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa a active magnetic bearing, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa maginito bearing ndi kusunga zinthu. Mtundu uwu wa bearing uli ndi ubwino wa kukula kochepa, kulemera kopepuka komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndipo ndi woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono komanso kukula kochepa.