Kukudziwitsani za mayendedwe

Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zamakanika, ma bearing amachita gawo lofunikira pothandizira ma shaft ozungulira. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a kukangana mu bearing,chogwiriraimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: rolling friction bearing (yotchedwa rolling bearing) ndi sliding friction bearing (yotchedwa sliding bearing). Mitundu iwiri ya ma bearing ili ndi makhalidwe awoawo m'mapangidwe, ndipo iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake ndi kuipa kwake pakugwira ntchito.

Kuyerekeza kwa kugwedezeka ndimabenchi wamba

1. Kuyerekeza kapangidwe kake ndi kayendedwe kake

Kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa mabearing ozungulira ndi mabearing osalala ndi kupezeka kapena kusakhalapo kwa zinthu zozungulira.

Ma bearing ozungulira ali ndi zinthu zozungulira (mipira, ma cylindrical roller, ma tapered roller, ma needle roller) zomwe zimadalira kuzungulira kwawo kuti zithandizire shaft yozungulira, kotero gawo lolumikizirana ndi mfundo imodzi, ndipo zinthu zozungulira zambiri, malo olumikizirana ndi ambiri.

Mabearing osavuta alibe zinthu zozungulira ndipo amadalira malo osalala kuti athandizire shaft yozungulira, kotero gawo lolumikizana ndi pamwamba.

Kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka ziwirizi kumatsimikizira kuti njira yoyendetsera galimoto yozungulira ikugwedezeka, ndipo njira yoyendetsera galimoto yotsetsereka ikugwedezeka, kotero mkhalidwe wa kukangana ndi wosiyana kwambiri.

 

2. Kuyerekeza mphamvu yonyamulira katundu

Kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha malo akuluakulu operekera katundu pa bearing yotsetsereka, mphamvu yake yoperekera katundu nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera kuposa ya bearing yozungulira, ndipo mphamvu ya bearing yozungulira yonyamula katundu wokhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa si yayikulu, koma bearing yodzazidwa ndi madzi yonse imatha kunyamula katundu wokhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa kwakukulu chifukwa cha ntchito ya cushion ndi vibration absorption chifukwa cha filimu ya mafuta odzola. Liwiro lozungulira likakwera, mphamvu ya centrifugal ya zinthu zozungulira mu bearing yozungulira imawonjezeka, ndipo mphamvu yake yonyamula katundu imachepa (phokoso limachitika mofulumira kwambiri). Pankhani ya ma bearing osavuta, mphamvu yawo yonyamula katundu imawonjezeka ndi liwiro lalikulu.

3. Kuyerekeza kwa coefficient ya kukangana ndi kukana koyambira kukangana

Munthawi yogwira ntchito bwino, kuchuluka kwa ma friction coefficient a rolling bearing ndi kotsika kuposa kwa ma plain bearing, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokhazikika. Mafuta a sliding bearing amakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zakunja monga liwiro ndi kugwedezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa friction coefficient kumasiyana kwambiri.

Poyamba, kukana kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kwa chogwirira chozungulira chifukwa chogwirira chotsetsereka sichinapange filimu yokhazikika yamafuta, koma kukana koyambira kwa kugwedezeka ndi coefficient yogwira ntchito ya chogwirira chotsetsereka cha hydrostatic ndi kochepa kwambiri.

 

4. Kuyerekeza kwa liwiro logwira ntchito loyenera

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya centrifugal ya chinthu chozungulira komanso kukwera kwa kutentha kwa bearing, liwiro la bearing yozungulira silingakhale lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala loyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika komanso mothamanga pang'ono. Ma bearing osakwanira okhala ndi mafuta amadzimadzi chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kuwonongeka kwa bearing, liwiro logwira ntchito siliyenera kukhala lokwera kwambiri. Kugwira ntchito mwachangu kwa ma bearing odzazidwa ndi madzi okwanira ndikwabwino kwambiri, makamaka pamene ma bearing okhazikika a hydrostatic apakidwa mafuta ndi mpweya, ndipo liwiro lawo lozungulira limatha kufika 100,000 r/min.

 

5. Kuyerekeza kwa kutayika kwa mphamvu

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mabearing ozungulira, mphamvu yawo nthawi zambiri si yayikulu, yomwe ndi yochepa kuposa ya mabearing osakwanira amadzimadzi, koma imawonjezeka kwambiri ikayikidwa bwino. Kutayika kwa mphamvu ya mabearing odzazidwa ndi madzi kwathunthu ndi kochepa, koma pa mabearing okhazikika a hydrostatic, mphamvu yonse yotayika ikhoza kukhala yayikulu kuposa ya mabearing okhazikika a hydrostatic chifukwa cha kutayika kwa mphamvu ya pampu yamafuta.

 

6. Kuyerekeza kwa moyo wautumiki

Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa komanso kutopa, ma bearing ozungulira nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kwa zaka 5 mpaka 10, kapena kusinthidwa panthawi yokonzanso. Ma pad a ma bearing osakwanira omwe amathiridwa mafuta amadzimadzi amawonongeka kwambiri ndipo amafunika kusinthidwa nthawi zonse. Moyo wa ma bearing odzazidwa mafuta amadzimadzi ndi wopanda malire, koma kwenikweni kutopa kwa zinthu zothiridwa mafuta kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika, makamaka ma bearing osavuta.

 

7. Kuyerekeza kulondola kwa kuzungulira

Ma bearing ozungulira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kulondola kozungulira kwambiri chifukwa cha kutseguka pang'ono kwa radial. Bearing yosakwanira yothira mafuta amadzimadzi imakhala mu mkhalidwe wa mafuta ozungulira kapena mafuta osakanikirana, ndipo ntchitoyo ndi yosakhazikika, ndipo kuwonongeka kwake ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kulondola kwake ndi kochepa. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa filimu yamafuta, ma cushion a bearing odzazidwa ndi madzi okwanira amayamwa kugwedezeka molondola kwambiri. Ma bearing okhazikika a hydrostatic ali ndi kulondola kozungulira kwambiri.

 

8. Kuyerekeza zinthu zina

Maberiyani ozungulira amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta, mafuta kapena mafuta olimba, kuchuluka kwake ndi kochepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu pa liwiro lalikulu, ukhondo wa mafuta umafunika kukhala wokwera, kotero amafunika kutsekedwa, koma beriyaniyo ndi yosavuta kusintha, ndipo nthawi zambiri sikufunika kukonza jenali. Pa maberiyani osavuta, kuwonjezera pa maberiyani osakwanira amadzimadzi, mafuta nthawi zambiri amakhala amadzimadzi kapena gasi, kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, zofunikira pakuyeretsa mafuta nazonso zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri, ma beriyani ozungulira amafunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo nthawi zina jenaliyo imakonzedwa.

 

Kusankha ma berearing ozungulira ndimabenchi wamba

Chifukwa cha zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, palibe muyezo wogwirizana wosankha ma rolling bearing ndi ma sliding bearing. Chifukwa cha friction coefficient yaying'ono, kukana koyambira pang'ono, kukhudzidwa, kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, komanso kukhazikika, ma rolling bearing ali ndi kusinthana kwabwino komanso kusinthasintha, ndipo ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, mafuta ndi kusamalira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa patsogolo posankha, kotero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakina wamba. Ma plain bearing ali ndi zabwino zina zapadera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pomwe ma rolling bearing ndi osatheka, ovuta kapena alibe zabwino zogwiritsa ntchito ma rolling bearing.