nkhani

Maberani a sitima

Mabearing a sitima amatanthauza mabearing omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu sitima zapamtunda ndi zonyamula katundu. Mabearing a sitima zapamtunda akuphatikizapo mabearing a axle box, mabearing a traction motor, mabearing a transmission system, mabearing a power unit ndi mabearing a cooling system, ndi zina zotero, pomwe mabearing a galimoto makamaka ndi mabearing a axle box, ma axle box a galimoto ya okwera amagwiritsa ntchito ma bearing afupiafupi a cylindrical roller, ndipo ma axle box a magalimoto onyamula katundu amagwiritsa ntchito ma bearing a tapered roller, ndipo mitundu, kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma bearing a galimoto ndi ofanana ndi ma bearing a locomotive axle box.

 

1.Chogwirira cha bokosi la axle

 

Gudumu la sitimayo limalumikizidwa ndi thupi la sitimayo kudzera mu bokosi la axle, kasupe ndi chimango cha bogie, ndipo chotengera cha bokosi la axle chimanyamula mwachindunji mphamvu yokoka ya sitimayo ndi mphamvu ya radial ndi axial ya njanji pa gudumu, kuwonjezera pa kutumiza mphamvu yokoka ndi katundu wina wowonjezera wopangidwa pamenepo, kotero chotengera cha bokosi la axle chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yonyamula katundu, chitha kupirira kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, ndipo chiyenera kukhala ndi moyo wautali, chitetezo ndi kudalirika, kukula kochepa ndi khalidwe; Chosavuta kuyang'ana ndi kusamalira, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, ma bearing a sitimayo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wosakhala wa muyezo wa ma bearing ndi mikhalidwe yapadera yaukadaulo, ndipo ma bearing ozungulira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magulu atatu otsatirawa.

 

(1)Mabeya ozungulira a cylindricalMa axles ambiri a injini za dizilo ndi zamagetsi amagwiritsa ntchitomabearing ozungulira ozunguliraPali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu.

 

1)Mizere inayi ya mabearing a cylindrical roller

 

Bearing ya bokosi la axle la locomotive ku China ndiyo inali yoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo chiwerengero chachikulu cha zonyamula ndi 972832 ya cylindrical-rowler. Bearing iyi ili ndi mphamvu zambiri zonyamula katundu komanso nthawi yayitali, ndipo mphamvu yake yoyendera ndi 1445kN. Popeza imatha kunyamula katundu wozungulira, osati katundu wozungulira, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chipangizo cholimbana ndi mphamvu zozungulira mu bokosi la axle.

 

2) Ma bereji ozungulira ozungulira mzere wawiri

 

Mabokosi a Dongfanghong 2, 3, 5, 21 ndi Beijing a locomotive axle ku China onse amagwiritsa ntchito ma bearings a cylindrical roller a mizere iwiri otchedwa 982832T, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zozungulira, ndi ma bearings a mpira wolumikizana ndi angular 146132T okhala ndi ma axial load.

 

(2)Ma bereji ozungulira ozungulira

 

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito ma bearing ozungulira ndi wakuti palibe chipangizo cholimbitsira ma tilt pakati pa bokosi la axle ndi chimango cha bogie. Bearing ya axle box ya locomotive ya ND2 diesel ndi bearing yozungulira ya mtundu wa C. Chitsanzo chake chikufanana ndi bearing yapakhomo ya 3G4053736KT. Ma rollers amtunduwu ndi ofanana, mphete yamkati ilibe flange yakunja, flange yapakati imatha kulekanitsidwa, roller imalumikizana ndi mphete yakunja, kutalika kogwira ntchito kwa roller ndikutalika, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi yayikulu pang'ono kuposa bearing yozungulira yozungulira yokhala ndi gawo lakunja lomwelo.

 

(3)Ma bereji ozungulira opindika

 

Mtundu uwu wa bearing womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bokosi la axle la locomotive ndi bearing yozungulira mizere iwiri, ndipo locomotive ya dizilo ya ND5 ili ndi bearing yamtundu wa AP. Mtundu uwu wa bearing ndi wa inchi imodzi, ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu B, C, D, E, F, G ndi ma level ena, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya axles.

 

2.Chotengera cha mota chonyamula

 

(1) Chogwirira cha armature cha traction motor

 

Injini yokoka ndi chipangizo chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsira ma injini amagetsi ndi ma injini a dizilo oyendera magetsi, ndipo chogwirira cha armature ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zake zazikulu.

 

1)Mabearing a transmission ya mbali imodzi

 

Chida chogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri chimathandizidwa ndi ma fulcrums awiri, mapeto otuluka a giya yoyikira ndi othandizira oyendayenda, ndipo mapeto a commutator ndi othandizira poyimitsa. Chida chogwirira ntchito chimayikidwa pafupi ndi giya, yomwe ndi yopsinjika kwambiri, ndipo ndiye chogwirira ntchito cha ma bearing awiri a armature. Pofuna kuchepetsa katundu, mtundu wa NU wa cylindrical roller bearing wopanda flange yamkati nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapeto a commutator nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa cylindrical roller bearing NUP wokhala ndi flange imodzi yokhala ndi flange imodzi yokhala ndi mphete yosungira yathyathyathya pa mphete yamkati, ndipo palinso ma bearing a cylindrical roller okhala ndi flange imodzi yokhala ndi flange yamkati ndi mphete yosungira bevel kumapeto kwa commutator.

 

2) Mabearing a ma transmission a mbali ziwiri

 

Mphamvu ya injini ikadali yayikulu, ngati giya la mbali imodzi likugwiritsidwabe ntchito, katundu wonyamula kumapeto kwa giya ndi waukulu kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusankha bearing yomwe katundu woyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ndi liwiro lomaliza zingakwaniritse zofunikira, kotero njira yotumizira mbali ziwiri ikhoza kusinthidwa malinga ndi momwe kapangidwe ka injini kamaloleza. Ubwino wa giya la mbali ziwiri ndikuti magiya a helical cylindrical angagwiritsidwe ntchito, kotero kuti ma angle a helix a magiya awiriwa ndi ofanana ndipo njira yozungulira ndi yosiyana, kuti mupeze mtundu wokhazikika wa giya popanda kupanga axial load. Bearing yoyenera izi ndi cylindrical roller bearing NU type yopanda flange mu mphete yamkati, ngati giya la spur cylindrical likugwiritsidwabe ntchito potumiza mbali ziwiri, bearing yomwe imatha kupirira mphamvu inayake ya axial iyenera kusankhidwa, ndipo cylindrical roller bearing NJ type yokhala ndi flange imodzi mu mphete yamkati nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

 

(2)Chotengera cha shaft chonyamula ma traction motor

 

Ma mota oyendetsera galimoto okhala ndi axle nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa pa bogie ndi ndodo yosinthira mbali imodzi, ndipo pa axle mbali inayo ndi chogwirira cha shaft.Mabeya ozungulira a cylindrical, mabearing ozungulira ozungulirandima bereji ozungulira opindikazagwiritsidwa ntchito.

 

Cylindrical roller bearingMa s ndi oyenera magalimoto othamanga kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yawo yobwezeretsanso mafuta ndi yayitali, ndipo kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza ndikosavuta, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo cha integral, ubwino uwu ukhoza kuwonetsedwa mokwanira. Kukhazikika kwa ma tapered roller bearings ndikwabwino, komwe kumathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti magiya ndi olondola, koma n'kovuta kusintha kusonkhana kwawo ndi kusokoneza ndi axial clearance. Kukhazikitsa ma seti awiri a spherical roller bearings, makamaka disassembly, n'kovuta kwambiri kuposa ma tapered roller bearings, koma kumatha kupindika kwa shaft. Shaft bearing ya traction motor ya locomotive yamagetsi ku China imagwiritsa ntchito spherical roller bearing, ndipo chitsanzo chake ndi 3G3053148T.

 

(3)Mabeya a jenereta yogwira ntchito

 

Thupi la jenereta yamagetsi ya dizilo yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi nthawi zambiri imayikidwa kumapeto kwa thupi kumapeto kwa injini ya dizilo. Kaya yayikidwa mwanjira iyi kapena ayi, kumapeto kwa armature nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi ma bearing, ndipo armature nthawi zambiri imathandizidwa pa crankshaft kapena output shaft ya injini ya dizilo kudzera mu elastic coupling, kuti ifupikitse kukula kwa jenereta kwa nthawi yayitali.

 

Mapeto akunja a shaft ya armature nthawi zambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndimabearing ozungulira ozungulira, ndipo nthawi zina kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzigwirizanitsa ndi injini ya dizilo panthawi yoyika, ma bearing ozungulira ozungulira angagwiritsidwenso ntchito.

 

3. Mabeya a makina otumizira ma hydraulic a injini za dizilo

 

Makina oyendetsera ma hydraulic transmission a injini ya dizilo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo atatu: bokosi loyendetsa ma hydraulic transmission, shaft ya cardan, ndi gearbox ya axle. Nthawi zina magalimoto oyendetsera ma shunt amakhala ndi gearbox yogwirira ntchito, yomwe imakhala ndi ma roll bearings ambiri.

 

(1) Chikwama cha gearbox cha hydraulic

 

Njira yogwirira ntchito ya bokosi lotumizira ma hydraulic ndikusintha mphamvu ya injini ya dizilo kukhala mphamvu ya locomotive yoyendetsa kudzera mu hydraulic torque converter pamene sitima ikukokedwa; Pogwiritsa ntchito power brake, hydraulic brake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyamwa mphamvu ya kinetic ya mawilo a locomotive. Makina angapo a shaft amakonzedwa mu hydraulic gearbox, ndipo chithandizo cha shaft iliyonse chimakhala ndi ma rolling bearing.　　

 

(2) Chingwe cha gearbox chapakati

 

Zigawo zazikulu za bokosi la gearbox lapakati ndi shaft yolowera ndi shaft yotulutsa chilichonse chili ndi magiya awiri, ndipo giya pa imodzi mwa ma shaft ndi giya yosinthira, ndipo shaft ndi giya yake zili ndi njira yolumikizirana, yomwe ingapangitse giya imodzi kulumikizana ndi shaft ndikutumiza mphamvu; Giya lina limangoyima pankhaniyi. Giya yosinthira ndi clutch nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pa shaft yolowetsa, chifukwa torque yolowetsa ndi yaying'ono, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa spline clutch ndi kukula kwa bearing.

 

(3) Chipinda cha gearbox cha axle

 

4. Chogwirira cha injini ya dizilo

 

Ubwino waukulu wa crankshaft bearing ya injini ya dizilo pogwiritsa ntchito rolling bearing ndi wochepa pa injini ya dizilo yothamanga kwambiri, yomwe ndi: kutayika pang'ono kwa kukangana, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa makina, kugwira ntchito modalirika komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali; Kupaka mafuta mosavuta, kukula kochepa kwa radiator yamafuta, ndi zina zotero. Poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma sliding bearing, zovuta zake zazikulu ndi izi: mtengo wokwera, khalidwe lalikulu, zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ma bearing ndi ma crankshaft, kukonza ndi kusintha kosasangalatsa, komanso phokoso lalikulu.

 

Pa ma crankshaft ang'onoang'ono a injini ya dizilo ya silinda imodzi ndi silinda iwiri, ma roll bearings a kalasi 0 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri; Pa ma crankshaft a injini ya dizilo ya liwiro lapamwamba komanso lamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa cha katundu wawo waukulu, ma cylindrical roller bearings okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.