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Kapangidwe ka Crankshaft Bearing, Fit, ndi Njira Zothandizira

 

I. Zofunikira pa Ntchito ndi Kugwiritsa NtchitoMabearings a Crankshaft

Maberiya a Crankshaft amaphatikizapo maberiya a ndodo zolumikizira ndi maberiya akuluakulu. Ntchito yawo ndikuteteza majenale ndi maboya olumikizira, kuchepetsa kukangana ndi kuwonongeka. Amasintha mphamvu ya mpweya yomwe imatumizidwa kuchokera ku msonkhano wa ndodo yolumikizira pistoni kukhala torque yotulutsa kunja. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyendetsa sitima ya valve ya injini ndi zida zina zosiyanasiyana zothandizira.

 

Zofunikira pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Zonse zimapirira katundu wosinthasintha komanso kukangana kwachangu; chifukwa chake, zipangizo zonyamulira ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zotopa, kukangana kochepa, kukana kukalamba, komanso kukana dzimbiri.

 

II. Kapangidwe kaMabearings a Crankshaft

 

Ma bearing a ndodo zolumikizira ndi ma bearing akuluakulu onse amakhala ndi zipolopolo za bearing zapamwamba ndi zapansi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi. Chipolopolo chilichonse cha bearing chimapangidwa ndi backing yachitsulo ndi anti-friction alloy layer, kapena backing yachitsulo, backing ya anti-friction alloy layer, ndi soft plating layer. Choyamba chimatchedwa two-layer bearing shell, ndipo chachiwiri chimatchedwa three-layer bearing shell.

 

1. Chitsulo Chothandizira ndi Choletsa Kukangana

Chitsulo chothandizira kumbuyo ndi maziko a chipolopolo chothandizira, chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chotsika mpweya cha 1-3mm. Chitsulo choletsa kupsinjika ndi aloyi wotsutsana ndi kupsinjika kwa 0.3 ~ 0.7mm, chomwe ndi chofewa ndipo chingateteze jenali.

 

Zipangizo zotsutsana ndi kukangana:

 

(1) Aloyi yoyera (aloyi ya Babbitt): Imagwira bwino ntchito yolimbana ndi kukangana, koma mphamvu yochepa yamakina komanso kukana kutentha. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mainjini amafuta okhala ndi katundu wochepa.

 

(2) Chopangira cha mkuwa: Mphamvu kwambiri yamakina, mphamvu zambiri zonyamula katundu, komanso kukana kutentha bwino. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini za dizilo zonyamula katundu wambiri. Komabe, mphamvu zake zoletsa kukangana ndi zoyipa.

 

(3) Aloyi yochokera ku aluminiyamu: Pali mitundu itatu: aloyi ya aluminiyamu-antimony-magnesium, aloyi ya aluminiyamu yotsika, ndi aloyi ya aluminiyamu yokwera. Awiri oyamba ali ndi mphamvu zabwino zamakina komanso mphamvu zolimba zonyamula katundu, koma mphamvu zochepa zoletsa kukangana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu injini za dizilo; yomalizayi ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zamakina komanso mphamvu zoletsa kukangana, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini za dizilo ndi petulo.

 

2. Malo oyika kiyi ndi cholumikizira mafuta

 

Chogwirira ndodo cholumikizira chili ndi kiyi yoyikira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulowetsa mu mpata woyikira ndodo yolumikizira kumapeto kwakukulu ndi chivundikiro cha ndodo yolumikizira panthawi yoyika kuti chogwiriracho chisayende mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo kapena kuzungulira. Chitsamba chogwirira chilinso ndi mabowo amafuta ndi mabowo amafuta, omwe ayenera kugwirizana ndi mabowo amafuta ogwirizana nawo panthawi yoyika.

 

III.Kubereka kwa CrankshaftMphamvu Yomasuka ndi Kusokoneza

 

1. Mphamvu Yomasuka: Utali wozungulira wa chitsamba chonyamula katundu mu mkhalidwe wake womasuka ndi wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa utali wozungulira wa mpando wonyamula katundu. Kusiyana kwa dayamita kumatchedwa mphamvu yomasuka kapena kutsegula. Pa injini za petulo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala 0.8~1.5mm, ndipo pa injini za dizilo, ndi 1.5~2.5mm.

 

2. Kuyenerera kwa Chosokoneza: Popeza kukula kwa m'mimba mwake kwa chitsamba chonyamula katundu ndi kwakukulu pang'ono kuposa kuzungulira kwa mpando wonyamula katundu, kuyanjana kwina kumapangidwa pambuyo poti mabotolo olumikizira ndodo alimbikitsidwa. Izi zimaonetsetsa kuti chitsamba chonyamula katundu sichizungulira, kusuntha, kapena kugwedezeka panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chigwirizane bwino pakati pa chitsamba chonyamula katundu ndi mpando wonyamula katundu kuti kutentha kuchepe. Chophimba cha chimbalangondo nthawi zambiri chimakhala 0.04 ~ 0.09mm.

 

Kuyang'anira: Mukayika bearing mu bearing seat, mangani mabolt mbali zonse ziwiri ku torque yomwe wopanga adapereka. Kenako, masulani bolt mbali imodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito feeler gauge kuti muwone ngati pali kusiyana pakati pa bearing seat ndi bearing bore. Kuchepa kumeneku ndi bearing overhang. IV. Crankshaft Thrust Bearing

 

Ntchito ya Crankshaft Thrust Bearing: Galimoto ikamayenda, clutch pedal imayika axial thrust ku crankshaft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti axial movement iyende bwino. Kuyenda kwambiri kwa axial kumakhudza ntchito yanthawi zonse ya piston connecting rod assembly ndikusokoneza nthawi yoyenera ya valve ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito injini ya dizilo. Ma Thrust bearing amafunika kuti awonetsetse kuti crankshaft ili pamalo ozungulira.

 

Mabearing a Thrust amatha kuyikidwa pamalo amodzi okha kuti crankshaft ikwanitse kufutukuka momasuka ikatenthedwa. Mitundu yayikulu ndi iyi:

 

1. Chipolopolo chonyamula katundu chopindika

 

2. Makina ochapira ozungulira pang'ono

 

3. Makina ochapira ozungulira

 

Zosamala Zokhazikitsa: Mbali ya chotsukira cha thrust yokhala ndi wosanjikiza wotsutsana ndi kukangana (mbali yokhala ndi groove ya mafuta) imayang'ana mbali zozungulira. Pamene crankshaft ikupita patsogolo, chotsukira chakumbuyo chimakhala ndi thrust ya axial; ikasuntha mmbuyo, chotsukira chakutsogolo chimakhala ndi thrust ya axial.

 

Kusintha kwa Axial Clearance: Sinthani ndi ma thrust washers okhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, kapena sinthani makulidwe a ma thrust washers. (Muyezo nthawi zambiri umakhala 0.07 ~ 0.17mm, ndi malire ovomerezeka a 0.25mm).

 

V. Njira Zothandizira Crankshaft

Crankshaft yokhala ndi malo ofunikira pakati pa ma crankshaft awiri aliwonse oyandikana imatchedwa crankshaft yothandizidwa mokwanira; apo ayi, imatchedwa crankshaft yothandizidwa pang'ono.

 

1. Crankshaft Yothandizidwa Mokwanira:

 

Ubwino: Zimawonjezera kulimba kwa crankshaft ndi mphamvu yopindika; zimachepetsa katundu pa mabearing akuluakulu.

 

Zoyipa: Zimawonjezera chiwerengero cha malo opangidwa ndi makina pa crankshaft, zimawonjezera chiwerengero cha main bearing, ndipo zimatalikitsa engine block.

 

Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri; injini za dizilo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yothandizira iyi.

 

2. Crankshaft Yothandizidwa Pang'ono:

 

Ubwino: Amachepetsa kutalika kwa crankshaft, kuchepetsa kutalika kwa injini yonse.

 

Zoyipa: Imafuna katundu wochuluka pa mabearing akuluakulu.

 

Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Injini za petulo zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zochepa zingagwiritse ntchito njira iyi.