nkhani

Makhalidwe, kusiyana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mitundu khumi ndi inayi ya ma bearing

 

Mabearing ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamakina ndi zida. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuthandiza thupi lozungulira makina kuti lichepetse kupsinjika kwa katundu wamakina pamakina panthawi yotumizira.

 

Malinga ndi malangizo a bere kapena ngodya yolumikizirana, bere limagawidwa m'magulu awiri: bere lozungulira, bere lopindika.

Malinga ndi mtundu wa chinthu chogudubuza, chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: chogwirira mpira, chogwirira chozungulira.

Malinga ndi ngati ingathe kulumikizidwa, imagawidwa m'magulu awa: chogwirira chodzilungamitsa, chogwirira chosadzilungamitsa (chogwirira cholimba).

Malinga ndi chiwerengero cha mizati ya zinthu zozungulira, imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: chogwirira mzere umodzi, chogwirira mzere wawiri, ndi chogwirira mzere wambiri.

Malinga ndi ngati ziwalozo zitha kulekanitsidwa, zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: chotengera cholekanitsidwa, chotengera chosalekanitsidwa.

 

Kuphatikiza apo, pali magulu malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa kapangidwe kake.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza makamaka makhalidwe, kusiyana ndi momwe ma bearings 13 ofanana amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

 

1. Mabeya a mpira wolumikizana ndi angular

 

Pali ngodya yolumikizirana pakati pa mphete ndi mpira, ngodya yolumikizirana yokhazikika ndi 15°, 30° ndi 40°, ngodya yolumikizirana ikakhala yayikulu, mphamvu yolumikizirana ikakhala yayikulu, ngodya yolumikizirana ikakhala yaying'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yozungulira mwachangu, bearing ya mzere umodzi imatha kunyamula katundu wa radial ndi katundu wa axial wolunjika. Mwa kapangidwe kake, mabearing awiri a mzere umodzi okhala ndi mzere umodzi wokhala ndi mbali yakumbuyo amagawana mphete zamkati ndi zakunja, ndipo amatha kunyamula katundu wa radial ndi katundu wa axial wolunjika mbali zonse ziwiri.

 

Mapulogalamu Aakulu:

 

Mzere umodzi: spindle ya chida cha makina, mota yothamanga kwambiri, turbine ya gasi, cholekanitsa cha centrifugal, gudumu laling'ono lakutsogolo la galimoto, shaft yosiyana ya pinion.

 

Mzere wawiri: pampu yamafuta, chophulitsira mizu, chopukutira mpweya, ma transmission osiyanasiyana, mapampu ojambulira mafuta, makina osindikizira.

 

2. Mabeya a mpira odziyimira okha

 

Mipira yachitsulo yokhala ndi mizere iwiri, msewu wakunja wa mphete ndi wozungulira, kotero ukhoza kusintha zokha kusalingana kwa shaft komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kupotoka kapena kusalingana kwa shaft kapena nyumba, ndipo bere lopindika limatha kuyikidwa mosavuta pa shaft pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira, makamaka kunyamula katundu wozungulira.

 

Ntchito zazikulu: makina opangira matabwa, shaft yotumizira makina opangira nsalu, chitsulo chozungulira chokhazikika.

 

3. Ma bereji ozungulira ozungulira

 

Mtundu uwu wa bearing uli ndi ma rollers ozungulira pakati pa mphete yakunja ya msewu wozungulira ndi mphete yamkati ya msewu wozungulira wawiri, malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mkati kosiyana, umagawidwa m'mitundu inayi: R, RH, RH ndi SR, chifukwa pakati pa msewu wozungulira wa msewu wozungulira wakunja umagwirizana ndi pakati pa bearing, uli ndi magwiridwe antchito odziyimira pawokha, kotero ukhoza kusintha zokha kusalingana kwa shaft komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kupotoka kapena kusalingana kwa shaft kapena chipolopolo, ndipo ukhoza kunyamula katundu wa radial ndi katundu wa axial wa njira ziwiri.

 

Ntchito zazikulu: makina opangira mapepala, chipangizo chochepetsera, axle ya galimoto ya sitima, mpando wa gearbox ya mphero yozungulira, tebulo lozungulira mphero yozungulira, chotsukira, chophimba chogwedezeka, makina osindikizira, makina opangira matabwa, zochepetsera zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale, mabearing odziyimira okha okhala ndi mipando.

 

4.Ma bereji ozungulira ozungulira

 

Ma rollers ozungulira amakonzedwa mopingasa mu mtundu uwu wa bearing, chifukwa pamwamba pa msewu wa raceway wa mphete ya mpando ndi yozungulira, imatha kudzilungamitsa yokha, kotero imatha kulola shaft kukhala ndi ma inclinations angapo, mphamvu ya axial load ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo imathanso kunyamula katundu wozungulira wambiri pamene ikunyamula katundu wozungulira, ndipo mafuta odzola nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito akagwiritsidwa ntchito.

 

Ntchito zazikulu: majenereta amagetsi, ma mota oyima, ma propeller shaft a zombo, zochepetsera zomangira zomangira m'mafakitale ogubuduza achitsulo, ma tower cranes, ma coal mill, ma extruder, ndi makina opangira zinthu.

 

5. Ma bereji ozungulira opindika

 

Maberiya awa ali ndi ma rollers ozungulira a tebulo, omwe amatsogozedwa ndi flange yayikulu yamkati, yomwe idapangidwa kuti ma vertices a pamwamba pa msewu wamkati, pamwamba pa msewu wakunja wa mphete ndi pamwamba pa roller rolling alumikizane pamalo ozungulira pakati pa mzere wa bearing. Ma beriyars a mzere umodzi amatha kupirira katundu wa radial ndi unidirectional axial, ndipo ma beriyars a mzere wawiri amatha kupirira katundu wa radial ndi bidirectional axial, omwe ndi oyenera kunyamula katundu wolemera komanso katundu wogwedezeka.

 

Ntchito zazikulu: magalimoto: mawilo akutsogolo, mawilo akumbuyo, ma transmission, ma differentials, ma pinion shafts. Ma spindles a zida zamakina, makina omangira, makina akuluakulu a zaulimi, chipangizo chochepetsera zida zamagalimoto a sitima, khosi lozungulira mphero ndi chipangizo chochepetsera liwiro.

 

6.Ma bereji a mpira wozama kwambiri

 

Mwa kapangidwe kake, mphete iliyonse ya mpira wozungulira mozama imakhala ndi msewu wozungulira mozungulira wokhala ndi gawo lozungulira pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kuzungulira kwa equator ya mpirawo. Ma bearing a mpira wozungulira mozama amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kunyamula katundu wozungulira, komanso amatha kunyamula katundu wina wa axial.

 

Pamene kuwala kwa radial kwa bearing kukuwonjezeka, kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe a angular contact ball bearings ndipo kumatha kupirira katundu wa axial mosinthana mbali zonse ziwiri. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya bearing ya kukula komweko, mtundu uwu wa bearing uli ndi coefficient yaying'ono yokangana, liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri komanso kulondola kwambiri, ndipo ndi mtundu wa bearing womwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakonda kusankha mtunduwo.

 

Ntchito zazikulu: magalimoto, mathirakitala, zida zamakina, ma mota, mapampu amadzi, makina a zaulimi, makina osoka, ndi zina zotero.

 

7. Maberamu a mpira woponderezedwa

 

Ili ndi mphete yozungulira ngati chotsukira yokhala ndi msewu wothamanga komanso gulu la mpira ndi khola, ndipo mphete yozungulira yomwe imagwirizana ndi shaft imatchedwa mphete ya shaft, ndipo mphete yozungulira yomwe imagwirizana ndi nyumbayo imatchedwa mphete ya mpando. Bearing ya mbali ziwiri imafanana ndi shaft yachinsinsi ya mphete yapakati, ndipo bearing ya mbali imodzi imatha kunyamula katundu wa axial wa mbali imodzi, ndipo bearing ya mbali ziwiri imatha kunyamula katundu wa axial wa mbali ziwiri (palibe chomwe chinganyamula katundu wa radial).

 

Ntchito zazikulu: mapini owongolera magalimoto, ma spindles a zida zamakina.

 

8.Ma bereji ozungulira othamanga

 

Ma bearing a Thrust roller amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula katundu wa axial ngati shaft yayikulu, katundu wophatikizidwa wa meridional, koma katundu wa meridional sayenera kupitirira 55% ya katundu wa axial. Poyerekeza ndi ma bearing ena a thrust roller, mtundu uwu wa bearing uli ndi friction factor yotsika, liwiro lalikulu lozungulira komanso luso lodzilamulira. Ma rollers a 29000 bearing ndi ma asymmetrical spherical rollers, omwe amatha kuchepetsa kutsetsereka kwa ndodo ndi raceway pantchito, ndipo ma rollers ndi aatali komanso akuluakulu, mainchesi ake ndi akulu, chiwerengero cha ma rollers ndi chachikulu, ndipo mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi yayikulu.

 

Ntchito zazikulu: majenereta amagetsi, zingwe zolumikizira ma crane.

 

9. Mabeya ozungulira a cylindrical

 

Ma rollers a ma rollers a cylindrical nthawi zambiri amatsogozedwa ndi ma flanges awiri a mphete imodzi yoberekera, ndipo ma rollers a khola ndi mphete zowongolera amapanga kuphatikiza kwa zigawo, zomwe zimatha kulekanitsidwa ndi mphete ina yoberekera, yomwe ndi ya ma rollers olekanitsidwa.

 

Kukhazikitsa kwamtunduwu kwa ma bearing ndikosavuta kusokoneza, makamaka ngati mphete zamkati ndi zakunja, shafts ndi zipolopolo zili bwino. Ma bearing awa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula katundu wozungulira, ndipo ma bearing amodzi okha okhala ndi ma flanges m'mphete zamkati ndi zakunja amatha kupirira katundu waung'ono wokhazikika wa axial kapena katundu wamkulu wa axial wosinthasintha.

 

Ntchito zazikulu: ma mota akuluakulu, ma spindle a zida zamakina, mabokosi a axle a axle, ma crankshaft a injini ya dizilo, magalimoto, mabokosi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zokumbukira zambiri, ndi zina zotero.

 

10.Kugundana kwa mpira wa mfundo zinayi

 

Imatha kunyamula katundu wozungulira komanso katundu wozungulira wa axial, chogwirira chimodzi chingalowe m'malo mwa mpira wolumikizana ndi angular wa kuphatikiza kutsogolo kapena kuphatikiza kumbuyo, ndipo ndi yoyenera kunyamula katundu wozungulira kapena katundu wophatikizana ndi gawo lalikulu la katundu wozungulira, mtundu uwu wa chogwirira ukhoza kupanga ngodya imodzi yolumikizirana ikanyamula katundu wozungulira mbali iliyonse, kotero mphete ndi mpira nthawi zonse zimalumikizana ndi mbali ziwiri za mzere wolumikizirana.

 

Ntchito zazikulu: injini za ndege, ma turbine a gasi.

 

11.Ma bereji ozungulira ozungulira

 

Ili ndi mphete yozungulira yooneka ngati chotsukira (mphete ya shaft, mphete ya mpando) ndi chozungulira chozungulira ndi khola. Ma roller ozungulira ndi ozungulira, kotero kugawa kwa kuthamanga pakati pa ma roller ndi pamwamba pa msewu wa raceway ndi kofanana, ndipo imatha kupirira katundu wozungulira wolunjika, wokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yozungulira komanso kulimba kwamphamvu kwa axial.

 

Ntchito zazikulu: makina obowola mafuta, makina achitsulo ndi chitsulo.

 

12.Kanikizani singano yodzigudubuza

 

Bearing yogawanika imakhala ndi mphete ya raceway yokhala ndi singano yozungulira ndi khola, ndipo imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mphete yopyapyala yosindikizidwa kapena mphete yokhuthala yodulidwa. Bearing yosalekanitsidwa ndi bearing yophatikizika yokhala ndi mphete ya raceway ndi singano yozungulira ndi khola yomwe yasindikizidwa bwino, yomwe imatha kunyamula katundu wozungulira wolunjika, mtundu uwu wa bearing umatenga malo ochepa, omwe ndi abwino ku kapangidwe kakang'ono ka makina, ndipo ambiri a iwo amangogwiritsa ntchito singano yozungulira ndi khola, ndipo pamwamba pa shaft ndi chipolopolo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pamwamba pa raceway.

 

Ntchito zazikulu: Zipangizo zotumizira mauthenga zamagalimoto, alimi, zida zamakina, ndi zina zotero.

 

13.Ma bereji ozungulira opindika

 

Mtundu uwu wa bearing uli ndi chozungulira cha tebulo (malekezero ake ndi ozungulira), chozunguliracho chimatsogozedwa molondola ndi mphete ya raceway (mphete ya shaft, mphete ya housing) flange, kapangidwe kake kamapangitsa mphete ya shaft ndi pamwamba pa raceway ya mphete ya mpando ndi pamwamba pa pamwamba pa chozungulira chilichonse cha roller rolling pamwamba kuti zilumikizane pamalo pa mzere wapakati wa bearing, bearing ya njira imodzi imatha kunyamula katundu wa axial wa njira imodzi, ndipo bearing ya njira ziwiri imatha kunyamula katundu wa axial wa njira ziwiri.

 

Mapulogalamu Aakulu:

 

Njira imodzi: mbedza ya crane, chozungulira cha chida chamafuta.

 

Yozungulira mbali ziwiri: khosi lozungulira mphero.

 

14.Mabeya a mpira ozungulira okhala ndi mipando

 

Ma bearing a mpira ozungulira okhala ndi ma bearing akunja ozungulira okhala ndi zisindikizo mbali zonse ziwiri ndi nyumba zopangidwa ndi chitsulo (kapena zosindikizidwa). Kapangidwe ka mkati ka bearing ya mpira wozungulira wakunja ndi kofanana ndi ka bearing ya mpira wozungulira wozama, koma mphete yamkati yamtunduwu ndi yayikulu kuposa mphete yakunja, ndipo mphete yakunja ili ndi malo akunja ozungulira ozungulira, omwe amatha kudzigwirizanitsa okha akagwirizana ndi malo ozungulira ozungulira a mpando wonyamula katundu.

 

Ntchito zazikulu: migodi, zitsulo, ulimi, makampani opanga mankhwala, nsalu, kusindikiza ndi kuyika utoto, makina onyamulira katundu, ndi zina zotero.